Designed for portability, the 15.6” Full HD IPS ZenScreen MB16AC USB monitor features the world’s first hybrid signal solution. At only 1.7 pounds and 0.3 inches slim, the MB16AC easily slides into briefcases to become the ideal travel companion for laptops to maximize work efficiency and simplicity. Jul 26, 2017 Hardware drivers are the software that allow your operating system to communicate with your hardware. Windows includes built-in drivers and automatically downloads new ones to make setup easier, but device manufacturers also provide their own driver packages. It will also be listed as its own device under the Memory technology devices group. If drivers alone aren’t doing the trick, and your SD card came with a camera, you might need to install proprietary drivers or an app from the camera manufacturer to get Windows 10 to detect it. You should also make sure the card hasn’t been locked.

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This topic provides information for client driver developers about the tracing and logging features for Universal Serial Bus (USB). This information is provided for the benefit of those who develop and debug USB devices. It includes information on how to install the tools, create trace files, and analyze the events in a USB trace file. The topic assumes that you have a comprehensive understanding of the USB ecosystem and hardware that is required to successfully use the USB tracing and logging features.

To interpret the event traces, you must also understand the Windows USB host-side drivers in Windows, the official USB Specifications, and the USB Device Class Specifications.

COM Port Stress Test: Generates a serial stream of data with random comm. Settings: Comstresstest.zip: 3.34MB: COM Port Data Emulator: Emulates a COM port or an Ethernet device, that generates a serial stream of data. The program can create a data flow, wrap it to data packets (RS232, TCP/IP or UDP) and send to a port: ComEmulator.zip: 3.43MB.

About Event Tracing for Windows

Event Tracing for Windows (ETW) is a general-purpose, high-speed tracing facility that is provided by the operating system. It uses a buffering and logging mechanism that is implemented in the kernel to provide a tracing mechanism for events that are raised by both user-mode applications and kernel-mode device drivers. Additionally, ETW provides the ability to dynamically enable and disable logging, which makes it easy to perform detailed tracing in production environments without requiring reboots or application restarts. The logging mechanism uses per-processor buffers that are written to disk by an asynchronous writer thread. This buffering allows large-scale server applications to write events with minimum disturbance.

ETW was introduced in Windows 2000. Since then, various core operating system and server components have adopted ETW to instrument their activities. ETW is now one of the key instrumentation technologies on Windows platforms. A growing number of third-party applications use ETW for instrumentation, and some take advantage of the events that Windows provides. ETW has also been abstracted into the Windows preprocessor (WPP) software tracing technology, which provides a set of easy-to-use macros for tracing printf-style messages for debugging during development.

ETW was significantly upgraded for Windows Vista and Windows 7. One of the most significant new features is the unified event provider model and APIs. In short, the new unified APIs combine logging traces and writing to the Event Viewer into one consistent, easy-to-use mechanism for event providers. At the same time, several new features have been added to ETW to improve the developer and end-user experiences.

For more information about ETW and WPP, see Event Tracing and Event Tracing for Windows (ETW).

USB Support for ETW Logging

USB is one of the most prevalent means of connecting an ever-increasing variety of peripheral devices to PCs. There is a very large installed base of USB host PCs and USB peripheral devices, and system vendors, device vendors, and end users expect and demand that USB devices operate flawlessly at the system and device level.

The large installed base and proliferation of USB devices have uncovered compatibility issues between the Windows USB software stack, the USB host controller, and USB devices. These compatibility issues cause problems for customers such as device operation failures, system hangs, and system crashes.

It has been difficult or impossible to investigate and debug USB device issues without direct access to the system, and/or devices, or in some cases a system crash dump. Even with full access to the hardware and a crash dump, extracting the relevant information has been a time-intensive technique that is known only by a few core USB driver developers. You can debug USB problems by using hardware or software analyzers, but they are very expensive and are available to only a small percentage of professionals.

USB ETW Support in Windows 7

In Windows 7, ETW provides an event logging mechanism that the USB driver stack can exploit to aid in investigating, diagnosing, and debugging USB-related issues. USB driver stack ETW event logging supports most or all debugging capabilities that are provided by the existing ad hoc logging mechanism in the USB driver stack, without any of its limitations. This translates into ease of debugging USB-related issues, which should provide a more robust USB driver stack in the long term.

We added ETW logging to the USB host controller drivers and to the USB hub driver in Windows 7. The USB host controller driver layer includes the host controller port driver (usbport.sys) and the miniport drivers (usbehci.sys, usbohci.sys, and usbuhci.sys). The USB hub driver layer consists of the USB hub driver (usbhub.sys). The USB driver ETW event providers are included in all editions and SKUs of Windows 7.

• USB Hub Events

  While USB event collection is enabled, the USB hub event provider reports the addition and removal of USB hubs, the device summary events of all hubs, and port status changes. You can use these events to determine the root cause of most device enumeration failures.

• USB Port Events

  While USB event collection is enabled, the USB port event provider reports I/O from client drivers, opening and closing of device endpoints, and miniport state transitions such as miniport start and stop. Logged I/O includes requests for the state of physical USB ports. State transitions on physical USB ports are one of the key initiators of activity in the core USB driver stack.

USB ETW Support in Windows 8

Windows 8 provides a USB driver stack to support USB 3.0 devices. The Microsoft-provided USB 3.0 driver stack consists of three drivers: Usbxhci.sys, Ucx01000.sys, and Usbhub3.sys. All three drivers work together to add native support to Windows for most USB 3.0 host controllers. The new driver stack supports SuperSpeed, high-speed, full-speed, and low-speed devices. The USB 2.0 driver stack is supported on Windows 8. Through event traces, the USB 3.0 driver stack provides a view into the fine-grained activity of the host controller and all devices connected to it.

• USB Hub3 Events

  While USB event collection is enabled, the USB Hub3 event provider reports the addition and removal of USB hubs, the device summary events of all hubs, port status changes, and power states of USB devices and hubs. Port status changes are state transitions on physical USB ports and are one of the key initiators of activity in the core USB driver stack. Hub3 reports the stages of the enumeration process, which point to the root cause most device enumeration failures. With the StateMachine keyword enabled, Hub3 reports the internal state machine activity for software device, hub, and port objects, which provide deeper visibility into the logic of the driver.

• USB UCX Events

  While USB event collection is enabled, the USB UCX event provider reports I/O from client drivers and opening and closing of device endpoints and endpoint streams. With the StateMachine keyword enabled, UCX reports internal state machine activity for host controller and endpoint objects, which provide deeper visibility into the logic of the driver.

• USB xHCI Events

  While USB event collection is enabled, the USB xHCI event provider reports the properties of the system's xHCI controllers and low-level details of xHCI operation. xHCI reports command requests sent to and completed by the xHCI hardware, including xHCI-specific completion codes.

In this section

Related topics

Using USB ETW
USB Event Tracing for Windows

See Telescope Control for general information about telescope control in Stellarium.

The Telescope Control plug-in allows Stellarium to control a telescope on a computerized mount (a 'Go To' or 'Push To' telescope) and offers a graphical user interface for setting up the connection.

It has been included as a static plug-in in Stellarium since version 0.10.3.

This page covers version 0.1.9, the one distributed with Stellarium 0.10.3 and 0.10.4.

Abilities and limitations

This plug-in allows Stellarium to send only 'slew' ('go to') commands to the device and to receive its current position. It cannot issue any other commands, so users should be aware of the possibility for mount collisions and similar situations. (To abort a slew, you can start another one to an object in a safe position.)

As of the current version, this plug-in doesn't allow satellite tracking, and is not very suitable for Moon or planetary observations.

WARNING: Stellarium CANNOT prevent your telescope from being pointed at the Sun.

• Never point your telescope at the Sun without a proper solar filter installed. The powerful light amplified by the telescope WILL cause irreversible damage to your eyes and/or your equipment.
• Even if you don't do it deliberately, a slew during daylight hours may cause your telescope to point at the sun on its way to the given destination, so it is strongly recommended to avoid using the telescope control feature before sunset without appropriate protection.

Using the Telescope Control plug-in

There are two general ways to control a device with this plug-in, depending on the situation:

• DIRECT CONNECTION: A device supported by the plug-in is connected with a cable to the computer running Stellarium;
• INDIRECT CONNECTION:
  • a device is connected to the same computer but it is driven by a stand-alone telescope server program or a third-party applicationthat can 'talk' to Stellarium;
  • a device is connected to a remote computer and the software that drives it can 'talk' to Stellarium over the network; this software can be either one of Stellarium's stand-alone telescope servers, or a third party application.

Most older telescopes use cables that connect to a serial port (RS-232), the newer ones use USB (Universal Serial Bus). On Linux and Max OS X both cases are handled identically by the plug-in. On Windows, a USB connection may require a 'virtual serial port' software, if it is not supplied with the cable or the telescope. Such a software creates a virtual ('fake') COM port that corresponds to the real USB port so it can be used by the plug-in.

Telescope set-up (setting geographical coordinates, performing alignment, etc.) should be done before connecting the telescope to Stellarium.

To activate the Telescope Control plug-in:

• open the Configuration window (press F2);
• go to the Plugin tab;
• select 'Telescope Control' from the list;
• check the 'Load at startup' option;
• exist Stellarium.

The plug-in should be active the next time you start Stellarium.

Main window

The plug-in's main window can be displayed by pressing Alt+0 or the 'Telescopes window' button on the bottom toolbar.

The Telescopes tab displays a list of the telescope connections that have been set up:

• the number (#) column shows the number used to control this telescope. For example, for telescope #2, the shortcut is Ctrl+2.
• the Status column indicates if this connection is currently active or not. Unfortunately, there are some cases in which 'Connected' is displayed when no working connection exists.
• the Type field indicates what kind of connection is this:
  • local, Stellarium means a DIRECT connection to the telescope (see above);
  • local, external means an INDIRECT connection to a program running on the same computer;
  • remote, unknown means an INDIRECT connection over a network to a remote machine.

To set up a new telescope connection, press the Add button. To modify the configuration of an existing connection, select it in the list and press the Configure button. In both cases, a telescope connection configuration window will open.

Telescope connection configuration window

The telescope connection configuration window (full image)...

Connection type

The topmost field represents the choice between the two types of connections, DIRECT and INDIRECT respectively (see above):

The type of connection determines what information should be entered in the other fields, so it is at the top.

Telescope properties

Name

The name of the telescope that will be displayed on the screen next to the telescope reticle.

Connection delay

If the movement of the telescope reticle on the screen is uneven, you can try increasing or decreasing this value.

Start/connect at startup

Check this option if you want Stellarium to attempt to connect to the telescope immediately after it starts. Otherwise, to start the telescope, you need to open the main window, select that telescope and press the 'Start/Connect' button.

Device settings

This section is active only for DIRECT connections (see #Connection type).

Serial port

sets the serial port used by the telescope.

The list contains the default values for the first four serial ports. On Windows, these are COM1 to COM4, on Linux these are /dev/ttyS0 to /dev/ttyS3, on Mac OS X the list is empty as it names its ports in a peculiar way. On all three platforms the list can be edited and new values can be added. (If you are using a USB cable, the default serial port of your telescope most probably is not in the list.)

To list all valid serial port names in Mac OS X, open a terminal and type:

This will list all devices, the full name of your serial port should be somewhere in the list (for example, '/dev/cu.usbserial-FTDFZVMK').

On Mac OS X 10.6. / 64bit it might be that the original drivers from Prolific do not actually connect to the NexStar-based hand controller even though it shows 'connected' in the telescope control. A remedy is to download a driver (for the Prolific 2303-based adapters) which is 64bit compatible. One solution could be the driver from this homepage: http://sourceforge.net/projects/osx-pl2303/:

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Device model

see #Supported devices below.

Connection settings

Both fields here refer to communication over a network (TCP/IP). Doing something with them is necessary only for INDIRECT connections.

Host can be either a host name or an IPv4 address such as '127.0.0.1'. The default value of 'localhost' means 'this computer'.

Port refers to the TCP port used for communication. The default value depends on the telescope number and ranges between 10001 and 10009.

Both values are ignored for DIRECT connections. (Unless a certain option is checked, but this is #Advanced use.)

For INDIRECT connections, modifying the default host name value makes sense only if you are attempting a remote connection over a network. In this case, it should be the name or IP address of the computer that runs a program that runs the telescope.

Field of view circles

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A series of circles representing different fields of view can be added around the telescope marker. This is a relic from the times before the Oculars plug-in existed.

In the telescope configuration window, click on 'User Interface Settings'. Mark the 'Show FOV circles' options, then enter a list of values separated with comas in the field below. The values are interpreted as degrees of arc.

This can be used in combination with the #Stellarium Virtual Telescope to display a moving marker with the Telrad circles. In this case, the list of FOV values should be '0.5, 2, 4'.

Sending commands

Once a telescope is successfully started/connected, Stellarium displays a telescope reticle labelled with the telescope's name on its current position in the sky. The reticle is an object like every other in Stellarium - it can be selected with the mouse, it can be tracked and it appears as an object in the Search window.

To send a 'slew' command to the telescope, select an object (e.g. a star) and press the number of the telescope while holding down the Ctrl key. (For example, Ctrl+1 for telescope #1.)

As of version 0.1.9/Stellarium 0.10.4, there is no way to slew to a specific set of coordinates.

Stellarium Virtual Telescope

If you want to test this plug-in without an actual device connected to the computer, choose 'Stellarium Virtual Telescope' from the 'Device model' list. It will show a telescope reticle that will react in the same way as the reticle of a real telescope controlled by the plug-in. In this case, the value of 'Serial port' is ignored.

See the section above about #Field of view circles for a possible practical application.

This feature is a (descendant?) of the 'Dummy' type of telescope in the old way of doing things.

Advanced use

Supported devices

Main page: Telescope Compatibility

All devices (except one) listed in the 'Device model' list are convenience definitions using one of the two built-in interfaces: the Meade LX200 (the Meade Autostar controller) interface and the Celestron NexStar interface.

The device list contains the following:

Celestron NexStar (compatible)

Any device using the NexStar interface.

Losmandy G-11

A computerized telescope mount made by Losmandy. (Meade LX-200/Autostar interface)

Meade Autostar Compatible

Any device using the LX-200/Autostar interface.

Meade ETX-70 (#494 Autostar, #506 CCS)

The Meade ETX-70 telescope with the #494 Autostar controller and the #506 Connector Cable Set. According to the tester, it is a bit slow, so its default setting of 'Connection delay' is 1.5 seconds instead of 0.5 seconds.

Meade LX200 (compatible)

Any device using the LX-200/Autostar interface.

Stellarium Virtual Telescope

A fake telescope. :)

Wildcard Innovations Argo Navis (Meade mode)

Argo Navis is a 'Digital Telescope Computer' by Wildcard Innovations. It is an advanced digital setting circle that turns an ordinary telescope (for example, a dobsonian) into a 'Push To' telescope (a telescope that uses a computer to find targets and human power to move the telescope itself). Just don't forget to set it to Meade compatibility mode and set the baud rate to 9600B. [1]

Not included in the device list (for now):

Sky-Watcher SynScan AZ mount

The Sky-Watcher SynScan AZ GoTo mount is used in a number of telescopes. [2]SynScan is also the name of the hand controller used in other Sky-Watcher GoTo mounts, and it seems that any mount that uses a SynScan controller version 3.0 or greater is supported by the plug-in, as it uses the NexStar protocol. To use any of these mounts with the plug-in, choose Celestron NexStar (compatible) from the device list.

External links

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• Controlling the Meade ETX-LS 6 with Stellarium, a YouTube video by John Kramer
• Ice in Space » Stellarium Telescope Control with a HEQ5/EQ6, an article by Karl van Louwersen on how to use this plug-in with StellariumScope and EQMOD

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